Emission Spectra Research Articles

Development of high conducting phosphorous doped nanocrystalline thin silicon films for silicon heterojunction solar cells application.

We have investigated the PECVD growth of the phosphorus-doped hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (n-nc-Si:H) film as an electron-selective layer in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. The effect of power densities on the precursor gas dissociation are investigated using optical emission spectra and the crystalline fraction in n-nc-Si:H films are correlated with the dark conductivity. With the Pd of 122 mW/cm2 and ~2% phosphorus doping, we observed Raman crystallinity of 53%, high dark conductivity of 43 S/cm, and activation energy of ~23 meV from the ~30 nm n-nc-Si:H film. The n-nc-Si:H layer improves the textured c-Si surface passivation by two-fold to ~2 ms compared to the phosphorus-doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon (n-a-Si:H) layers. An enhancement in the open-circuit voltage and external quantum efficiency (from >650 nm) due to the better passivation at the rear side of the cell after integrating the n-nc-Si:H layer compared to its n-a-Si:H counterpart. An improvement in the charge carrier transport is also observed with an increase in fill factor from ~71 % to ~75 %, mainly due to a reduction in electron-selective contact resistivity from ~271 mΩ-cm2 to ~61 mΩ-cm2. Finally, with the relatively better c-Si surface passivation and carrier selectivity, a power conversion efficiency of ~19.90% and pseudo-efficiency of ~21.90% have been realized from the SHJ cells.&#xD.

Uncovering the origins of mental images about the concept of light: the difference between novice and expert mediation levels profile

This study investigates the mental imagery formed by two Physics undergraduates following their interaction with a mobile application analyzing emission and absorption light spectra. The tool, an instance of extracerebral cognitive processing, served to illuminate the internal cognitive mechanisms the students employed to understand novel knowledge. Guided by the Cognitive Networks Mediation Theory (CNMT), which underscores the significance of external tools in facilitating cognition, and drawing upon Bachelard's Epistemological Profile and Mortimer's Conceptual Profile, a novel 'Mediation Level' Profile is proposed. This profile represents the preferred type of mediation each student employed to elucidate their observations and understandings. The research utilized the Report Aloud Protocol to analyze students' verbal and gestural communications, revealing a complex pattern of various mental images developed through interaction with external objects via different levels of mediation. Notably, the psychophysical and hypercultural mediation levels stood out among the students. The implications of these findings for Physics education and future research directions are discussed, underscoring the utility of mobile applications as a supplementary tool in laboratory settings and the complexity of mental imagery in understanding physical phenomena.

Ultrastable Copper Iodide Hybrid with Intrinsic Greenish White-Light Emission by Incorporating an Anionic Inorganic Functional Unit into an Extended Structure.

Incorporating a functional unit into the multidimensional coordination polymer skeleton is an efficient way to improve the stability of materials and expand their application. In this paper, anionic copper iodide inorganic functional modules are incorporated into one-dimensional extended chains by using a unique bidentate cationic organic ligand. Benefiting from the ionic extended structure, the resulting hybrid possesses a remarkable stability with a decomposition temperature as high as 300 °C. Meanwhile, the hybrid material exhibits intrinsic greenish white-light emission with a high photoluminescent quantum yield of 70%. The emission was investigated by temperature-dependent emission spectra, which proved to be the result of the synergistic effect of two energy states. The novel synthetic strategy provides an efficient route for the development of functional organic metal halides.

Contextual Impartiality: A New Approach to Assessing Impartiality in Investor-State Dispute Settlement

Abstract This article proposes a new approach to assessing impartiality in investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS). It builds on earlier work that criticises the current doctrine of impartiality in ISDS which applies irrespective of the role and context in which arbitrators are called to decide a dispute. Drawing on empirical findings, moral philosophy and psychology, this article proposes the idea of contextual impartiality. As is argued, a contextual approach offers an understanding of impartiality which better corresponds to the foundational value of trust in ISDS which is founded on the method of party appointment of arbitrators. Under this approach, the question is not whether an arbitrator can meet universal standards of impartiality irrespective of the context within which the arbitrator operates. Rather, the critical distinction is between permissible and impermissible partiality which depends on whether the individual is reasonably expected to act partially because of their circumstances. In this respect, the article identifies open-mindedness as a fundamental feature of a contextual approach to impartiality and a bright line between permissible and impermissible partiality.

Xuanfei Formula inhibited RSV infection by normalizing the SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis process

Background and aimsRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in children and the elderly, often progressing to pneumonia and severe sequelae. However, there are currently no feasible and cost-effective interventions with proven efficacy for children, making medications with anti-RSV activity urgently needed. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown promising therapeutic efficacy in alleviating viral infection symptoms. Therefore, we aimed to develop effective strategies for RSV treatment based on traditional Chinese medicine.Methods and resultsThe infection status was assessed in BALB/c mice with or without Xuanfei Formula (XFF) treatment over a one-week period using H&E staining, cytokine assays and RSV titer testing after RSV challenge. Remarkably, on the first day of XFF intervention, both the pro-inflammation cytokine levels in the serum and RSV-N gene copies in the lung of mice were plummeted, compared to the RSV-infected group. This implied that XFF might possess the immune-independent anti-RSV capability. To elucidate the underlying mechanism, we employed transcriptome analysis followed by k-means analysis. The reversal effects of XFF against RSV primarily focused on the processes of innate and adaptive immunity. Additionally, we found that XFF administration corrected the disordered fatty acid and cholesterol metabolism processes during RSV infection. Lipidomics profiling indicated consistent cholesterol abundance with transcriptional changes but not fatty acids. Cholesterol synthesis-related genes mRNA levels and cholesterol synthesis intermediates detection supported XFF’s repression upon cholesterol biosynthesis. Aberrantly increased cholesterol production has been reported as necessary for RSV infection. To mimic that, we observed lovastatin treatment inhibited RSV replication and pro-inflammation cytokine expression in vitro. Transcription factor prediction of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in cholesterol synthesis implicated SREBP2. Through network pharmacology, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol were identified as the effective active ingredients within the XFF, with the help of further molecular docking and mass spectrum detection. In vitro experiments demonstrated β-sitosterol and stigmasterol reinforced the bonding between SREBP cleavage-activation protein (SCAP) and insulin-induced gene proteins (INSIGs) to inhibit SREBP2 cleavage maturation and consequent RSV infection.ConclusionXuanfei Formula (XFF) exhibits excellent anti-RSV efficacy by inhibiting SREBP2-mediated cholesterol synthesis to reduce RSV replication and ameliorate inflammation in the lung of infected mice.

Pt-S Bond-Enabled Temperature-Dependent Phosphorescence in S-Heteroaryl Tetradentate Pt(S^C^N^O) Complexes.

This study presents the rare examples of S-heteroaryl tetradentate Pt(S^C^N^O) luminescent complexes (PtSZ and PtSZtBu) containing a Pt-S bond. The presence of the Pt-S bond allows the novel Pt(S^C^N^O) complexes to exhibit temperature-dependent phosphorescent emission behavior. The PtSZtBu exhibits dual-emission phenomena and biexponential transient decay spectra above 250 K, indicating the presence of two minimal excited states in the potential energy surface (PES) of the T1 state. Through complementary experimental and computational studies, we have identified changes in orbital composition between Pt(dxy)-S(px) and Pt(dyz)-S(pz) in excited states with increasing temperature. This results in two energy minima, enabling the excited states to decay selectively and radiatively at different temperatures. Consequently, this leads to remarkable steady-state and transient emission spectra changes. Our work not only provides valuable insights for the development of novel Pt-S bond-based tetradentate Pt(II) complexes but also enhances our understanding of the distinctive properties governed by the Pt-S bond.

1,1,1-Trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione based Ternary Complexes of Eu(III): Synthesis, Structural and Luminescence Investigations

In this current study, we have synthesized four europium(III) complexes utilizing a tri-fluorinated β-diketone moiety: 1,1,1-trifluoro-5,5-dimethyl-2,4-hexanedione (TFDH) with auxiliary ligand: 2,2'- bipyridine and its derivatives. FTIR, UV-Vis and luminescence spectroscopic characterizations were implemented for evaluation of the bonding and luminous characteristics in synthesized europium(III) complexes. Eight-coordination environment around Eu3+ ion has been demonstrated by 1H NMR spectral data. Photoluminescence (PL) study of these complexes has been carried out in powdered form. Characteristic red emitting behavior of Eu(III) ion was observed corresponds to the transition of 5D0→7F2 in PL spectra of Eu(III) complexes. The CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) chroma coordinates 1931 and CCT (Correlated Color Temperature) values were derived from the information obtained from the emission spectra. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (Ωτ) and excited state deactivation time (τ) in solid state have also been estimated. In the synthesized Eu(III) complexes, the europium ion was present in an highly polarizable ligand field, as demonstrated by the higher values of Ω2. Values of band gap i.e. optical and electronic as well as the red luminous nature of prepared complexes showed up their utilization in display devices.

Luminescence and energy transfer properties of color-tunable Dy3+, Eu3+ co-activated NaGdSiO4 phosphor for WLED with great thermo-stability.

A series of NaGd1-x-ySiO4: y Dy3+ - x Eu3+ phosphors were synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase method. The optimal doping ion concentration of Dy3+ ions for this phosphor was determined to be 1% from the emission spectra. The energy transfer between Dy3+ and Eu3+ ions at 351 nm was investigated by photoluminescence spectra and fluorescence decay curves. At the excitation wavelengths of 275 nm, 351 nm, 366 nm, and 394 nm, a change from yellow to white to red light can be realized by adjusting the doping concentration of Eu/Dy ions. Particularly, by testing the temperature-dependent fluorescence spectrum of the phosphor, it can be found that the luminous intensity of the phosphor is as high as 96% when 394 nm excitation is employed at 413 K. It was the maximum at this temperature comparing with other phosphors as far as we know. The color coordinate values show that the NaGd1-x-ySiO4: x Dy3+ - y Eu3+ phosphors are very close to the white light color coordinates (x = 0.33, y = 0.33) under 351 nm excitation. Meanwhile, the correlated color temperature is between 5062 - 7104 K. These results indicate that this phosphor is a promising candidate for high-quality WLED.

Vibration‐Dependent Dual‐Phosphorescent Cu4 Nanocluster with Remarkable Piezochromic Behavior

The dual emission (DE) characteristics of atomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are of significant theoretical and practical interest. Despite this, the underlying mechanism driving DE in Cu NCs remains elusive, primarily due to the complexities of excited state processes. Herein, a novel [Cu4(PPh3)4(C≡C‐p‐NH2C6H4)3]PF6 (Cu4) NC, shielded by alkynyl and exhibiting DE, was synthesized. Hydrostatic pressure was applied to Cu4, for the first time, to investigate the mechanism of DE. With increasing pressure, the higher‐energy emission peak of Cu4 gradually disappeared, leaving the lower‐energy emission peak as the dominant emission. Additionally, the Cu4 crystal exhibited notable piezochromism transitioning from cyan to orange. Angle‐dispersive synchrotron X‐ray diffraction results revealed that the reduced inter‐cluster distances under pressure brought the peripheral ligands closer, leading to the formation of new C−H···N and N−H···N hydrogen bonds in Cu4. It is proposed that these strengthened hydrogen bond interactions limit the ligands´ vibration, resulting in the vanishing of the higher‐energy peak. In situ high‐pressure Raman and vibrationally resolved emission spectra demonstrated that the benzene ring C=C stretching vibration is the structural source of the DE in Cu4.

Tunable optoelectronic performances of fluorinated benzene-EDOT based hybrid electrochromic polymers

Due to its high electronegativity and small atomic radius without undesirable steric hindrance, the incorporation of fluorine atoms into the benzene unit which started from the commercially available compounds is a feasible way to tune the energy levels of polymers, and its electrochromic application is expected to achieve a new breakthrough. Herein, in this paper, benzene units with different fluorine atom numbers were selected as the core and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) as the terminal unit, three fluorinated electrochromic precursors (FPh-EDOT, 2FPh-EDOT, and 4FPh-EDOT) were designed and synthesized by Stille coupling reaction, and the corresponding fluorinated π-conjugated electrochromic polymers (P(FPh-EDOT), P(2Ph-EDOT), and P(4FPh-EDOT)) were prepared by electrochemical polymerization method. The effects of different fluorinated benzene units on the photophysics, electrochemistry and electrochromic properties of precursors and polymers were systematically investigated, and the structure-property relationship was further revealed. All of them have low initial oxidation potentials {FPh-EDOT (0.65 V), 2FPh-EDOT (0.72 V), and 4FPh-EDOT (0.70)}, which makes it easy to obtain high-quality new fluorinated polymers at low polymerization potential. With the increase of the number of F atoms, the UV-vis absorption spectra and emission spectra of fluorinated monomer firstly red-shifted and then blue-shifted. The corresponding fluorinated polymers have good electrochemical activity and stability (the P(2Ph-EDOT) activity remained 56.3% after 500 cycles), making it possible to realize their electrochromic devices. All these three fluorinated polymers show obvious color change from the neutral state to the fully oxidized state (P(FPh-EDOT) changes from brown to grayish blue, P(2FPh-EDOT) changes from brown to gray, and P(4FPh-EDOT) changes from dark blue to light blue). The kinetic study further shows that all of them have distinguish electrochromic properties with good optical stability, very short response time (0.9 s for P(2FPh-EDOT) at 700 nm), and favorable coloration efficiency (130.7 cm2 C-1 for P(FPh-EDOT) at 503 nm). Overall, all these three fluorinated polymers have low optical band gap, good redox stability and electrochromic properties, are very promising electrochromic materials, which is worthy for the further research and development.

Vibration-Dependent Dual-Phosphorescent Cu4 Nanocluster with Remarkable Piezochromic Behavior.

The dual emission (DE) characteristics of atomically precise copper nanoclusters (Cu NCs) are of significant theoretical and practical interest. Despite this, the underlying mechanism driving DE in Cu NCs remains elusive, primarily due to the complexities of excited state processes. Herein, a novel [Cu4(PPh3)4(C≡C-p-NH2C6H4)3]PF6 (Cu4) NC, shielded by alkynyl and exhibiting DE, was synthesized. Hydrostatic pressure was applied to Cu4, for the first time, to investigate the mechanism of DE. With increasing pressure, the higher-energy emission peak of Cu4 gradually disappeared, leaving the lower-energy emission peak as the dominant emission. Additionally, the Cu4 crystal exhibited notable piezochromism transitioning from cyan to orange. Angle-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction results revealed that the reduced inter-cluster distances under pressure brought the peripheral ligands closer, leading to the formation of new C-H···N and N-H···N hydrogen bonds in Cu4. It is proposed that these strengthened hydrogen bond interactions limit the ligands´ vibration, resulting in the vanishing of the higher-energy peak. In situ high-pressure Raman and vibrationally resolved emission spectra demonstrated that the benzene ring C=C stretching vibration is the structural source of the DE in Cu4.

Experimental investigation for temperature and emissivity by flame emission spectrum in a cavity of rocket based combined cycle combustor chamber

Experimental investigation for temperature and emissivity by flame emission spectrum in a cavity of rocket based combined cycle combustor chamber

Preparation and optical properties of rare earth fluoride and its related composite materials

Rare earth fluoride and its composite materials have shown broad application prospects in fields such as optoelectronics and photocatalysis. In this study, we prepared rare earth fluoride (β-NaYF4 nanocrystals) and its related composite materials (β-NaYF4/ZnO composite and GQDs@NaYF4 nanomaterials) using a solvothermal method and investigated their optical performance. The characterization and performance of the prepared materials were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, upconversion emission spectra, and fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. The results show that the crystal thickness of β-NaYF4 nanocrystals is approximately 45.0 nm when the F−: Ln3+ value is 6. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that diffraction peak positions in β-NaYF4 nanocrystals correspond to the peak positions of standard card at different doping concentrations of Zn2+ Moreover, it was observed that the highest fluorescence lifetime of Tm3+ ion in 1G4 is 778 μs when the doping concentration of Zn2+ is 1 mol%. When the concentration of exonuclease III increases to 22.5U, the upconversion fluorescence emission intensity of GQDs@NaYF4 nanomaterial is about 34 ∗ 106 a.u. When the activation reaction time is 90 minutes, the upconversion emission intensity of GQDs@NaYF4 nanomaterial is about 37 ∗ 106 a.u. In conclusion, we successfully prepared rare earth fluoride and its composite materials with excellent optical properties through the solvothermal method.

Effect of carbon quantum dots doping on structural, optical, and antibacterial properties of barium tungstate nanocomposite material

Local bacterial infection remains an increasingly severe threat to human health worldwide, and infection control is still a challenging task. Carbon Quantum Dots (CQSs) and barium tungstate show antibacterial properties. CQDs doped Barium Tungstate (BaWO4) are synthesized by using a hydrothermal route and their optical and antimicrobial activities against the Gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and optical properties were investigated. The UV–Vis reveals a shift in the bandgap from 3.62 eV to 2.93 eV due to doping of CQDs in BaWO4. The structure of the CQDs/BaWO4 were studied by XRD, which shows CQDs doped BaWO4 samples possess tetragona4 werelite structure with the preferred orientation of (112) identified by XRD at 26° having crystallite size ∼ 31 nm. Nanocomposite BaWO4/CQDs exhibit a spherical-like shape and are composed of Ba, O, W and C according to the design of the experiment. Zeta sizer of CQDs by DLS shows the size of CQDs is 7.65 nm. The FT-IR shows the presence of functional groups in doped material like CC, CO, and COOH bonds which indicate that the C-dots are functionalized with epoxy, carbonyl, hydroxyl, and carboxylic acid groups. Their elemental composition and surface morphology were studied by EDS which shows the percentage variation of CQDs in BaWO4, SEM results show the change in shape of the sample by adding CQDs to BaWO4. The TEM image proves the presence of doped material in the BaWO4. The PL spectra reveals the emission spectra shift towards a higher wavelength and absorption increases. The qualitative analysis shows the antimicrobial activity and enlargement of the inhibition zone and quantitative analysis confirms it.

Exploring innovative applications of Sr2MgSi2O7:Fe3+ luminescent system in surface-triggered fingerprint divergence and cheiloscopy screening

In this study, we employ a cost-effective combustion method to synthesize (1-11 mol %) Fe3+ doped Sr2MgSi2O7 nanophosphors (SMSO NPs) and conduct a comprehensive investigation into their structural and luminescent properties. The impact of iron concentration on the structural and optical characteristics is thoroughly analysed, revealing a tetragonal crystal structure with space group P-421m through Rietveld refinement and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) patterns. Scanning electron microscopy showcases the random dispersion of agglomerated particles with non-uniform dimensionality. Energy Dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) assesses the nominal composition of Sr, Mg, Si, Fe, and O, while X-ray Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) confirms the direct incorporation of Fe3+ ions into the SMSO lattice. Photoluminescence (PL) emission spectra exhibit a UV emission band at 345 nm and a deep red emission band at 718 nm. The residual luminescence intensity of SMSO: Fe3+ at 200 °C is 91 %. Under 365 nm UV light, the optimized SMSO: Fe3+ NPs displays easily identifiable levels I-III fingerprints (FPs) features with good resolution and contrast. The resilient luminescence and nano-regime of the phosphor reveal well-defined type I–V groove patterns in latent lip prints (LLPs) on various non-porous surfaces, unaffected by background interference or colour distraction. This study highlights SMSO: Fe3+ NPs as a promising option for individualizing and detecting latent fingerprints (LFPs) and lip prints (LPs).

Nightside clouds and disequilibrium chemistry on the hot Jupiter WASP-43b

AbstractHot Jupiters are among the best-studied exoplanets, but it is still poorly understood how their chemical composition and cloud properties vary with longitude. Theoretical models predict that clouds may condense on the nightside and that molecular abundances can be driven out of equilibrium by zonal winds. Here we report a phase-resolved emission spectrum of the hot Jupiter WASP-43b measured from 5 μm to 12 μm with the JWST’s Mid-Infrared Instrument. The spectra reveal a large day–night temperature contrast (with average brightness temperatures of 1,524 ± 35 K and 863 ± 23 K, respectively) and evidence for water absorption at all orbital phases. Comparisons with three-dimensional atmospheric models show that both the phase-curve shape and emission spectra strongly suggest the presence of nightside clouds that become optically thick to thermal emission at pressures greater than ~100 mbar. The dayside is consistent with a cloudless atmosphere above the mid-infrared photosphere. Contrary to expectations from equilibrium chemistry but consistent with disequilibrium kinetics models, methane is not detected on the nightside (2σ upper limit of 1–6 ppm, depending on model assumptions). Our results provide strong evidence that the atmosphere of WASP-43b is shaped by disequilibrium processes and provide new insights into the properties of the planet’s nightside clouds. However, the remaining discrepancies between our observations and our predictive atmospheric models emphasize the importance of further exploring the effects of clouds and disequilibrium chemistry in numerical models.

Using quasi-bound states in the continuum in an all-dielectric metasurface array to enhance terahertz fingerprint sensing.

The terahertz absorption fingerprint spectrum is crucial for qualitative spectral analysis, revealing the rotational or vibrational energy levels of numerous biological macromolecules and chemicals within the THz frequency range. However, conventional sensing in this band is hindered by weak interactions with trace analytes, leading to subtle signals. In this Letter, an all-dielectric metasurface array is proposed to enhance the absorption fingerprint spectrum using quasi-bound states in the continuum (BIC) resonance. The observable quasi-BIC resonance is achieved by breaking the symmetry of the C2v structure. The periodic dimensions of the structure are adjusted to excite quasi-BIC resonances at different frequencies, thereby enhancing the fingerprint spectra of four different substances. By exploiting the correlation between the Q-factor and absorption across different frequencies, calibration of the molecular absorption fingerprint spectrum obtained through metasurface sensing yields precise enhanced absorption fingerprint spectra for various substances within the 0.55-1.6 THz range. Our Letter introduces a novel, to the best of our knowledge, strategy for trace sensing in the THz frequency range, demonstrating the promising potential for enhanced absorption fingerprint spectrum sensing.

Insights into biomimetic system-ligand interaction of substituted isophthalic acid: A functionality induced photophysical study.

The present article attempts to interpret the modulation of photophysical properties of isophthalic acid (IPA) through its amino [5-amino isophthalic acid (5-amino IPA)] and azido [5-azido isophthalic acid (5-azido IPA)] substituted derivatives which are chemically potent organic ligands. The ground state structure-reactivity correlation of 5-amino IPA and 5-azido IPA has been deciphered through computational studies. The computed energetics show significant interaction feasibility of the substituted ligand systems with the biomimetic systems which is further validated experimentally. The binding interaction of the probes with oppositely polarized functionalization is studied to be significant with cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) with the amino functionalized derivative having a comparatively stronger binding constant value. The steady-state absorption and fluorescence study establish significant modification of polarity of the heteronuclear probes. The micro polarity study in water-dioxane mixtures enables determination of polarity of 5-amino IPA in CTAB and BSA unlike 5-azido IPA. Presence of an overlapping region between the emission spectrum of BSA and the absorption spectrum of the probes as probable donor-acceptor pair are also scrutinized via the steady-state fluorescence studies. The photophysical behavior of 5-amino IPA is observed to be somewhat dissimilar to that of 5-azido IPA.

Conversion of cool-to-warm orange-reddish light emitting diode by Sm2O3 addition in magnesium borosilicate glasses

The composition of 50SiO2−40B2O3−(10−x)MgO−xSm2O3 (x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5) was synthesized using the melt quench technique. All samples are formed the glasses as confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The density and optical band gap are found to be increased with the addition of Sm2O3 (intermediate oxide) in place of MgO (modifier). On the other hand, the refractive index and oxide ion polarizability of the glasses are decreased due to the conversion of non-bridging oxygens into bridging oxygens with higher covalent bonded glasses. Interestingly, the symmetric structural units of SiO2 (Q2 and Q4) increased instead of (Q3 and Q1) with the replacement of MgO by Sm2O3. The CIE coordinates show the emission spectra lie in the reddish-orange region and the SBS-1.5 sample has the lowest CCT value (1858 K), which suggests that this glass can be used for light emitting diode which is sensitive for the human eye.

Method for the production of a compact source of atomic line spectra in the vacuum ultraviolet

Atomic emission spectra provide a means to identify and to gain insight into the electronic structure of emitting or absorbing matter. Detailed procedures are provided for the construction of low-pressure electrodeless discharge lamps that yield targeted emission in the vacuum ultraviolet for the spectroscopic study of water vapor and halogen species aboard an array of airborne observation platforms in the upper atmosphere, as well as in laboratory environments. While specific to the production of Lyman-alpha, atomic chlorine, and atomic bromine emissions in this study, the configuration of the lamps and their interchangeability with respect to operation lend these procedures to constructing sources engaging a wide selection of atomic and molecular spectra with straightforward modifications. The features and limitations of each type of lamp are discussed, as well as methods to improve spectral purity and factors affecting operational lifetime.